Media & Information Literacy For Teachers

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  • Home
  • Introduction
  • Modules
    • Module 1 : Citizenship, Freedom of Expression and Information, Access to Information, Democratic Discourse and Life-long Learning
      • Unit 1: Understanding Media and Information Literacy – An Orientation
      • Unit 2: MIL and Civic Participation
      • Unit 3: Interactive with Media and Other Information Providers such as Libraries, Archives and the Internet
      • Unit 4: MIL, Teaching and Learning
    • Module 2: Understanding the News, Media, and Information Ethics
      • Unit 1: Journalism and Society
      • Unit 2: Freedom, Ethics and Accountability
      • Unit 3: What Makes News – Exploring the Criteria
      • Unit 4: The News Development Process – Going Beyond the 5Ws and 1H
    • Module 3: Representation in Media and Information
      • Unit 1: News Reporting and the Power of the Image
      • Unit 2: Industry Codes on Diversity and Representation
      • Unit 3: Television, Films, Book Publishing
      • Unit 4: Representation and Music Videos
      • Unit 5: Digital Editing and Computer Retouching
    • Module 4: Languages in Media and Information
      • Unit 1: Reading Media and Information Texts
      • Unit 2: The Medium and the Message – Print and Broadcast News
      • Unit 3: Film Genres and Storytelling
      • Unit 4: Camera Shots and Angles – Conveying Meaning
    • Module 5: Advertising
      • Unit 1: Advertising, Revenue and Regulations
      • Unit 2: Public Service Announcements
      • Unit 3: Advertising – the Creative Process
      • Unit 4: Advertising and the Political Arena
      • Unit 5: Transnational Advertising and ‘Superbrands’
    • Module 6: New and Traditional Media
      • Unit 1: From Traditional Media to New Media Technologies
      • Unit 2: Uses of New Media Technologies in Society – Mass and Digital Communications
      • Unit 3: Use of Interactive Multimedia Tools, Including Digital Games in Classrooms
    • Module 7: Internet Opportunities and Challenges
      • Unit 1: Young People in the Virtual World
      • Unit 2: Challenges and Risks in the Virtual World
    • Module 8: Information Literacy and Library Skills
      • Unit 1: Concepts and Applications of Information Literacy
      • Unit 2: Learning Environments and Information Literacy
      • Unit 3: Digital Information Literacy
    • Module 9: Communication, MIL and Learning – a Capstone Module
      • Unit 1: Communication, Teaching and Learning
      • Unit 2: Learning Theories and MIL
      • Unit 3: Managing Change to Foster an Enabling Environment for MIL in Schools
    • Module 10: Audience
    • Module 11: Media, Technology and the Global Village
      • Unit 1: Media Ownership in Today’s Global Village
      • Unit 2: Socio-Cultural and Political Dimensions of Globalized Media
      • Unit 3: Commoditization of Information
      • Unit 4: The Rise of Alternative Media
    • Module 12: Freedom of Expression Toolkit
  • Resources
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Home / Modules / Module 3: Representation in Media and Information / Unit 3: Television, Films, Book Publishing

Module 3: Representation in Media and Information

Unit 3: Television, Films, Book Publishing

DURATION: 2 hours

KEY TOPICS

  • Feature films – formula for success
  • Representation in film
  • Representation in books
  • Hollywood, community and indigenous stories

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

After completing this unit, teachers will be able to:

  • Examine the success of current television programmes and feature films
  • Assess representations in film, television and print (including books)
  • Develop a treatment for film and/or television
  • Examine the placement of television programmes in a network schedule
  • Analyze gender representation in advertising
  • Analyze technical strategies in representations
  • Examine alternative, indigenous stories in television and film

PEDAGOGICAL APPROACHES and ACTIVITIES

Film is one of the most powerful media of the last hundred years, with mass audiences around the world. In recent years, television and the Internet have also reached a huge public in many parts of the world. At the same time, books remain a significant source of ideas and information. All four media and information providers can play a significant role in shaping how a society understands itself by telling national stories and promoting particular versions of national history. An important part of media and information literacy (MIL) is understanding how these media shape our sense of the world we live in.

ACTIVITIES

ACTIVITIES

  • Use the Internet to research the success of recent major motion pictures. Visit a website such as Box Office Guru. Make a list of the five films that are box office successes locally or internationally. If possible, view the trailers online for each of these films, or select one film and watch it in its entirety. Describe who or what is represented as central to the storyline. Explain why this representation might be appealing to audiences.
  • Ask teachers to identify various versions of the representation of historical events. For example, Napoleon in Russia: books published during and about this period; films created in various genres; artworks or pictures; any other visuals such as photos and music videos. Visit a museum or archive (if one exists in this subject area in your region) and based on this, collect material to prepare an essay about your observations.
  • Select any book or article written about your country. It could be about your community, culture, or a specific event. Identify how different aspects of the subject selected are represented. Do you agree with these representations? Why or why not? Discuss.
  • Obtain a collection of advertisements from the Internet or local newspapers or television in your country. Try to ensure that these advertisements feature both women and men. In small groups, discuss how women are represented in the advertisements vis-à-vis men. Write down some of your observations. Discuss the possible implications of some of these representations. Are certain representations viewed differently by some members of the group? Why do you think this is so?
  • A popular feature film formula focuses on the archetypal myth of the ‘heroic journey’. Myths represent implicit belief systems that express the fears, desires and aspirations of a culture. In these stories, the hero – unaware of his destiny – is called upon to take up an important quest. The hero usually passes through several stages as part of the quest, including: his ‘birth’ or beginning, becoming aware of his ‘calling’ or destiny, experiencing romance, encountering foes, receiving advice from a wise elder and, finally, returning home
    • Develop a list of films that are based on this formula. Account for their appeal. Describe the hero, explaining to what extent the hero represents the desires and values of the individual in society
    • Describe the camera work as well as the use of sound and music. Assess how these technical elements reinforce the representations central to the story (i.e. the impression created of a villain or a romantic hero). Explain how the meaning of particular scenes in the film would change if, for example, the sound track were different
  • ‘Our goal is to get a variety of perspectives represented in film and television. Increasing the number of points of view available on screen is not taking anything away from anybody. In fact, it leads to more and better programming, new visions on screen.’ (Joan Pennefather, first woman chair of the Nation Film Board of Canada, in Maclean’s, 29 March, 1993)
  • Visit the websites for mainstream, indigenous or community media that represent alternatives to the Hollywood blockbuster. Browse the selection of stories being told through these companies or organizations. Compare these stories to those being produced by the major Hollywood studios. Assess the value of these ‘independent’ organizations in giving representation or voice to alternative, indigenous stories
  • Discuss the responsibility of the film and television industries to their viewers. Why should all viewers be able to see themselves and their stories on the screen? Discuss the implications of mainstream stories and representations for various audiences. Explore how specialty channels, various Internet sites, blogs and new technologies are influencing the art of storytelling and offering alternative representations to audiences
ASSESSMENT RECOMMENDATIONS

ASSESSMENT RECOMMENDATIONS

  • Analysis of current examples of television programmes and feature films
  • Assessment of the impact of technical strategies and form on content and representations
  • Examination and assessment of national film organizations and independent production companies for providing alternative, indigenous stories
  • Unit 1: News Reporting and the Power of the Image
  • Unit 2: Industry Codes on Diversity and Representation
  • Unit 3: Television, Films, Book Publishing
  • Unit 4: Representation and Music Videos
  • Unit 5: Digital Editing and Computer Retouching

Modules

  • Module 1 : Citizenship, Freedom of Expression and Information, Access to Information, Democratic Discourse and Life-long Learning
  • Module 2: Understanding the News, Media, and Information Ethics
  • Module 3: Representation in Media and Information
  • Module 4: Languages in Media and Information
  • Module 5: Advertising
  • Module 6: New and Traditional Media
  • Module 7: Internet Opportunities and Challenges
  • Module 8: Information Literacy and Library Skills
  • Module 10: Audience
  • Module 11: Media, Technology and the Global Village
  • Module 12: Freedom of Expression Toolkit

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