Media & Information Literacy For Teachers

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  • Home
  • Introduction
  • Modules
    • Module 1 : Citizenship, Freedom of Expression and Information, Access to Information, Democratic Discourse and Life-long Learning
      • Unit 1: Understanding Media and Information Literacy – An Orientation
      • Unit 2: MIL and Civic Participation
      • Unit 3: Interactive with Media and Other Information Providers such as Libraries, Archives and the Internet
      • Unit 4: MIL, Teaching and Learning
    • Module 2: Understanding the News, Media, and Information Ethics
      • Unit 1: Journalism and Society
      • Unit 2: Freedom, Ethics and Accountability
      • Unit 3: What Makes News – Exploring the Criteria
      • Unit 4: The News Development Process – Going Beyond the 5Ws and 1H
    • Module 3: Representation in Media and Information
      • Unit 1: News Reporting and the Power of the Image
      • Unit 2: Industry Codes on Diversity and Representation
      • Unit 3: Television, Films, Book Publishing
      • Unit 4: Representation and Music Videos
      • Unit 5: Digital Editing and Computer Retouching
    • Module 4: Languages in Media and Information
      • Unit 1: Reading Media and Information Texts
      • Unit 2: The Medium and the Message – Print and Broadcast News
      • Unit 3: Film Genres and Storytelling
      • Unit 4: Camera Shots and Angles – Conveying Meaning
    • Module 5: Advertising
      • Unit 1: Advertising, Revenue and Regulations
      • Unit 2: Public Service Announcements
      • Unit 3: Advertising – the Creative Process
      • Unit 4: Advertising and the Political Arena
      • Unit 5: Transnational Advertising and ‘Superbrands’
    • Module 6: New and Traditional Media
      • Unit 1: From Traditional Media to New Media Technologies
      • Unit 2: Uses of New Media Technologies in Society – Mass and Digital Communications
      • Unit 3: Use of Interactive Multimedia Tools, Including Digital Games in Classrooms
    • Module 7: Internet Opportunities and Challenges
      • Unit 1: Young People in the Virtual World
      • Unit 2: Challenges and Risks in the Virtual World
    • Module 8: Information Literacy and Library Skills
      • Unit 1: Concepts and Applications of Information Literacy
      • Unit 2: Learning Environments and Information Literacy
      • Unit 3: Digital Information Literacy
    • Module 9: Communication, MIL and Learning – a Capstone Module
      • Unit 1: Communication, Teaching and Learning
      • Unit 2: Learning Theories and MIL
      • Unit 3: Managing Change to Foster an Enabling Environment for MIL in Schools
    • Module 10: Audience
    • Module 11: Media, Technology and the Global Village
      • Unit 1: Media Ownership in Today’s Global Village
      • Unit 2: Socio-Cultural and Political Dimensions of Globalized Media
      • Unit 3: Commoditization of Information
      • Unit 4: The Rise of Alternative Media
    • Module 12: Freedom of Expression Toolkit
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Home / Modules / Module 2: Understanding the News, Media, and Information Ethics / Unit 3: What Makes News – Exploring the Criteria

Module 2: Understanding the News, Media, and Information Ethics

Unit 3: What Makes News – Exploring the Criteria

DURATION: 3 HOURS

KEY TOPICS

  • Criteria in assessing news value and newsworthiness
  • Considerations in making news judgements or in shaping the news

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

After completing this unit, teachers will be able to:

  • describe the criteria used in assessing the news value or worthiness of events, persons and ideas, and
  • critically discuss the basic principles in making news judgements or in shaping the news

PEDAGOGICAL APPROACHES and ACTIVITIES

The theory of journalism we have inherited…form(s) the basis of the journalism of the new century, a journalism of sense making based on synthesis, verification, and fierce independence.”
— Bill Kovach and Tom Rosenstiel, The Elements of Journalism

Journalists need to make sense of a vast amount of information and consider how to organize it in a way that highlights the issues that are most important so it is comprehensible to an audience that will have very different levels of understanding of the events in question. The judgements involved will include selecting those stories deemed to be important (newsworthy) and deciding how to present the information. Inevitably the form of presentation (sometimes known as the ‘framing’) will reflect the experience and outlook of the journalists themselves. It is important for an audience to understand these framings and to think critically about them.

TEXTUAL ANALYSIS
TEXTUAL ANALYSIS

Teacher analyzes the newsworthiness of each of the front page stories of a major newspaper (or its online edition), based on the criteria for assessing the news value of a story. This typically includes such factors as:

  • Timeliness
  • Impact and importance
  • Prominence
  • Proximity
  • Conflict
  • Unusual/human interest
  • Currency
  • Necessity

He or she then analyzes the stories based on the factors to be considered in making news judgements or in shaping the news. These are:

  • Truthfulness: accuracy (getting the facts right) and coherence (making sense of the facts)
  • Dedication to the public interest
  • Informing, rather than manipulating, the public
  • Completeness/comprehensiveness
  • Diversity (inclusion of news of all communities, not just targeted audiences)

Attention should also be paid to the placement of articles, headlines and font size used, and photographs and captions included.

CONTEXTUAL ANALYSIS
CONTEXTUAL ANALYSIS
  • Teacher reviews the coverage of both CNN and Al Jazeera (or other media organizations of choice/relevance) on a particular topic and particular day and compares and contrasts the angling (i.e. selling of a particular point of view or perspective) and treatment (i.e. information provided, sources acknowledged, interviews provided, any visual support of news stories) of the two coverages.
NEWS ANALYSIS AND SELF-ASSESSMENT
NEWS ANALYSIS AND SELF-ASSESSMENT
  • Students are given two different pieces of news writing on the same subject and are asked to explain which piece is stronger or more informative and how the other news article could be improved. (For criteria to be used, please refer to Textual Analysis above.)
ASSESSMENT RECOMMENDATIONS
ASSESSMENT RECOMMENDATIONS
  • Reflection paper based on textual analysis/contextual analysis/news analysis
  • Participation in group learning activities, e.g. workshops, class discussions
TOPICS FOR FURTHER CONSIDERATION
TOPICS FOR FURTHER CONSIDERATION
  • News settings (socio-cultural, political, and economic influences on the news)
  • Effects of news settings on news values and editorial processes
  • Global flow of information and shaping of the news
  • Global news media organizations (CNN, Al Jazeera, BBC, Fox News)
  • Unit 1: Journalism and Society
  • Unit 2: Freedom, Ethics and Accountability
  • Unit 3: What Makes News – Exploring the Criteria
  • Unit 4: The News Development Process – Going Beyond the 5Ws and 1H

Modules

  • Module 1 : Citizenship, Freedom of Expression and Information, Access to Information, Democratic Discourse and Life-long Learning
  • Module 2: Understanding the News, Media, and Information Ethics
  • Module 3: Representation in Media and Information
  • Module 4: Languages in Media and Information
  • Module 5: Advertising
  • Module 6: New and Traditional Media
  • Module 7: Internet Opportunities and Challenges
  • Module 8: Information Literacy and Library Skills
  • Module 10: Audience
  • Module 11: Media, Technology and the Global Village
  • Module 12: Freedom of Expression Toolkit

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